Haunga ngā āhuatanga tukanga, ka pā anō hoki ētahi atu āhuatanga tukanga whakarewa, pērā i te rahi o te awaawa me te rahi o te āputa, te koki piko o te hikohiko me te mea mahi, me te tūnga ā-wāhi o te hononga, ki te hanganga whakarewa me te rahi o te whakarewa.
Te awe o te Au Whakarewa ki te Hanganga Whakarewa
I raro i ētahi āhuatanga, i te pikinga ake o te iahiko whakarewa pewa, ka piki ake te hohonutanga o te urunga me te whakakaha o te hononga whakarewa, ā, ka paku piki ake te whānui whakarewa. Ko ngā take e whai ake nei:
1) I te pikinga ake o te ia whakarewa o te whakarewa pewa, ka piki ake te kaha pewa e pā ana ki te whakarewa, ka piki ake te urunga wera o te pewa ki te whakarewa, ā, ka neke te tūranga pūtake wera ki raro, he mea e pai ai te kawe i te wera i te ahunga hohonu o te puna rewa, ā, ka piki ake te hohonutanga o te urunga. He rite tonu te hohonutanga o te urunga ki te ia whakarewa. Ko te hohonutanga o te urunga whakarewa H he rite tonu ki te Km × I. I roto i te tātai, ko Km te tauwehenga urunga (te maha o ngā mirimita e piki ake ai te hohonutanga o te urunga whakarewa ina whakanuia te ia whakarewa mā te 100 A), e pā ana ki te tikanga whakarewa pewa, te diameter waea, te momo ia, me ētahi atu e whakaaturia ana i te Ripanga 1-1.
| ngā tikanga whakarewa pewa | diameter o te irahiko/mm | iahiko whakarewa/A | ngaohiko/V | tere whakarewa/mh-1 | tauwehenga urunga/m m-100A-1 |
whakarewa pewa tungsten argon | 3.2 | 100~350 | 10~16 | 6~18 | 0.8~1.8 |
| | 1.6 pūwero o te pūwero | 50~100 | 20~26 | 10~60 | 1.2~2 |
| 3.4 te pūaha o te pūwero | 220~300 | 28~36 | 18~30 | 1.5~2.4 |
| | 2 | 200~700 | 32~40 | 15~100 | 1.0~1.7 |
| 5 | 450~1200 | 34~44 | 30~60 | 0.7~1.3 |
whakarewa pewa hauāriki hiko whakakotahi | 1.2~2.4 | 210~550 | 24~42 | 40~120 | 1.5~1.8 |
| Te whakarewa CO2 | 0.8~1.6 | 70~300 | 16~23 | 30~150 | 0.8~1.2 |
| 2~4 | 500~900 | 35~45 | 40~80 | |
Ripanga 1-1 Tauwehenga hohonu rewa Km mō ngā tikanga me ngā tawhā whakarewa pewa (whakarewa maitai)
2) He rite te tere rewa o te matua whakarewa, te waea whakarewa rānei i roto i te whakarewa āwhata ki te ia o te whakarewa. Nā te mea ka piki ake te tere rewa o te waea whakarewa i roto i te whakarewa āwhata, ka piki ake te nui o te waea whakarewa kua rewa, engari ka iti ake te whānui o te whakarewa, nō reira ka piki ake te whakakaha whakarewa.
3) I muri i te pikinga o te ia whakarewa, ka piki ake te whānui o te pou pewa. Heoi, ka piki ake te hohonutanga o te urunga o te pewa ki roto i te mea mahi, ā, ka iti te whānuitanga o te nekehanga o te wāhi pewa. Nō reira, he iti noa te pikinga o te whānui whakarewa.
I roto i te whakarewa hau korekore (MIG) e āraihia ana e te hau, ka piki ake te hohonu o te urunga o te whakarewa. Mena he nui rawa te ia whakarewa, ā, he nui rawa te mātotoru o te ia, ka tere te urunga mai i te maihao, inā koa i te whakarewa konumohe.
Te awe o te ngaohiko pewa ki te hanganga whakarewa
I raro i ētahi āhuatanga, ina whakanuia te ngaohiko o te pewa, ka piki ake te mana o te pewa, ā, ka piki ake hoki te wera e tomo ana ki te whakarewa. Heoi, ka tutuki te pikinga o te ngaohiko pewa mā te whakanui ake i te roa o te pewa. Mā te whakanui ake i te roa o te pewa ka piki ake te radius o te pūtake wera o te pewa, ā, ka piki ake te wera e marara ana. Nō reira, ka heke te mātotoru pūngao e tomo ana ki te whakarewa, nō reira ka paku heke te hohonu o te urunga, i te mea ka piki ake te whānui o te pītiti whakarewa. I taua wā anō, nā te mea kāore anō kia rerekē te ia whakarewa, ā, kāore anō kia rerekē te nui o te rewa o te waea whakarewa, ka heke te whakapakari o te pītiti whakarewa.
Mō ngā momo tikanga whakarewa pewa, kia tika ai te hanganga whakarewa, arā, kia mau tonu te tauwehenga hanganga whakarewa φ. I a koe e whakanui ana i te ia whakarewa, me whakanui tika te ngaohiko pewa. Me whai hononga ōrite te ngaohiko pewa me te ia whakarewa. Koinei te mea e tino kitea ana i roto i te whakarewa pewa hiko pau.
Te awe o te tere whakarewa ki te hanganga whakarewa
I raro i ētahi āhuatanga, mā te whakanui ake i te tere whakarewa ka whakaitihia te wera e uru mai ana ki te whakarewa, ā, ka whakaitihia te whānui me te urunga o te pīrere whakarewa. Nā te mea he rite whakahuri te nui o te waea whakarewa kua whakatakotoria mō ia roa o te whakarewa ki te tere whakarewa, ka whakaitihia hoki te whakakaha o ngā pīrere whakarewa.
He tohu nui te tere o te whakarewa hei aromatawai i te hua o te whakarewa. Hei whakapai ake i te hua o te whakarewa, me whakanui ake te tere o te whakarewa. Heoi, hei whakarite i te rahi o te whakarewa e hiahiatia ana i roto i te hoahoa hanganga, me te whakanui ake i te tere whakarewa, me whakanui ake te ia whakarewa me te ngaohiko pewa. He hononga ēnei rahinga e toru. I taua wā anō, me whakaaro anō hoki i te wā e whakanui ana i te ia whakarewa, te ngaohiko pewa, me te tere whakarewa (arā, mā te whakamahi i te pewa whakarewa mana-teitei me te whakarewa tere whakarewa), ka puta pea ngā hapa whakarewa pēnei i te tapahi me te ngatata i te wā e hangaia ana te puna rewa me te tukanga whakapakeketanga o te puna rewa. Nō reira, he iti noa te pikinga o te tere whakarewa.
Te awe o te momo iahiko whakarewa me te polarity me te rahi o te irahiko ki te hanganga whakarewa
1. Ngā momo me ngā polarities o te au whakarewa
Ka wehea ngā momo iahiko whakarewa ki te iahiko tika me te iahiko tauutuutu. I roto i ēnei, ka wehea anō te whakarewa pewa iahiko tika ki te iahiko tika tonu me te iahiko tika pāorooro i runga i te mea he pāorooro kei roto i te iahiko; ka wehea ki te hononga iahiko tika pai (ka honoa te whakarewa ki te pai) me te hononga iahiko tika whakamuri (ka honoa te whakarewa ki te kino) i runga i te polarity. Ka wehea anō te whakarewa pewa iahiko tauutuutu ki te iahiko tauutuutu ngaru sine me te iahiko tauutuutu ngaru tapawhā i runga i ngā momo ngaru iahiko rerekē. Ka pā te momo me te polarity o te iahiko whakarewa ki te nui o te wera e tomo mai ana i te pewa ki te whakarewa, nō reira ka pā ki te hanganga whakarewa. I te wa ano, ka pā hoki ki te tukanga whakawhiti pata me te tango i te kiriata waikura i runga i te mata o te konganuku turanga.
Ina whakamahia te whakarewatanga pewa hau korekore tungsten hei whakarewa i ngā rauemi whakarewa pēnei i te maitai me te titanium, ko te urunga hohonu rawa atu ina honoa te au tika ki te ahunga pai, ko te urunga papaku rawa atu ina honoa te au tika ki te ahunga whakamuri, ā, ko te au tauutuutu kei waenganui i ngā mea e rua. Nā te mea ko te urunga hohonu rawa atu ina honoa te au tika ki te ahunga pai, ā, ko te iti rawa o te mate wera o te irahiko tungsten, me whakamahi te hononga pai o te au tika ina whakamahia te whakarewatanga pewa hau korekore tungsten hei whakarewa i ngā rauemi whakarewa pēnei i te maitai me te titanium. Ina whakamahia te whakarewatanga pewa hau korekore pulsed i roto i te whakarewatanga pewa hau korekore tungsten, nā te mea ka taea te whakarite i ngā tawhā pewa, ka taea te whakahaere i te rahi o te hanganga whakarewa ina hiahiatia. Ina whakamahia te whakarewatanga pewa hau korekore tungsten hei whakarewa i te konumohe, te konupora, me ō rātou koranu, me whakamahi te pānga horoi katote o te pewa hei horoi i te kiriata waikura i runga i te mata o te whakarewa turanga. He pai ake te au tauutuutu. Nā te mea ka taea te whakarite i ngā tawhā ngaru o te au tauutuutu ngaru tapawhā, he pai ake te pānga whakarewa.
I roto i te whakarewa pewa hau, ina honoa whakamuri te au tika, he nui ake te urunga me te whānui o te whakarewa i ērā o te hononga pai au tika. Ko te urunga me te whānui o te whakarewa au tauutuutu kei waenganui i ngā mea e rua. Nō reira, i roto i te whakarewa pewa ruku, ka whakamahia te hononga whakamuri au tika hei whiwhi urunga nui ake; i roto i te whakarewa mata pewa ruku, ka whakamahia te hononga pai au tika hei whakaiti i te urunga. I roto i te whakarewa pewa hau me te hau ārai, nā te mea he nui te hohonutanga o te urunga o te hononga au tika whakamuri, engari he pumau ake te tukanga whakawhiti pewa me te maturuturunga iho i ērā o te hononga pai au tika me te au tauutuutu, ā, he pānga horoi cathode tōna, he whānui te whakamahinga. Kāore i te whakamahia te hononga pai au tika me te au tauutuutu.
2. Te awe o te āhua o te pito o te irahiko tungsten, te whānui o te waea whakarewa me te roa o te toronga
He nui ake te pānga o te koki me te āhua o te pito o mua o te irahiko tun, gsten ki te kukū o te pewa me te pēhanga pewa. Me whiriwhiri ēnei i runga i te ia whakarewa me te matotoru o te mea mahi. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te nui ake o te kukū o te pewa me te nui ake o te pēhanga pewa, ka nui ake te hohonu o te urunga i hangaia, ā, ka heke te whānui o te whakarewa.
I roto i te whakarewa pewa hau, ina pumau te ia whakarewa, ka angiangi ake te waea whakarewa, ka nui ake te kukū o te wera pewa, ka piki ake te hohonu o te urunga, ka heke hoki te whānui o te whakarewa. Heoi, i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i te diameter o te waea whakarewa i roto i ngā kaupapa whakarewa tuturu, me whai whakaaro hoki ki te nui o te ia me te āhua o te puna whakarewa hei karo i te hanganga whakarewa ngoikore.
Ina piki ake te roa o te toronga o te waea i roto i te whakarewa pewa hau, ka piki ake te wera ātete e puta mai ana i te ia whakarewa e haere ana i roto i te wāhanga toronga o te waea, ka piki ake te tere o te rewa o te waea. Nō reira, ka piki ake te whakakaha whakarewa, engari ka iti haere te hohonu o te urunga. Nā te nui o te ātete o ngā waea whakarewa maitai, he tino kitea te awe o te roa toronga waea ki te hanganga whakarewa i roto i te whakarewa me ngā waea maitai me ngā waea angiangi. He iti noa te ātete o ngā waea whakarewa konumohe, nō reira kāore i te nui tōna awe. Ahakoa ka taea e te whakanui ake i te roa toronga waea te whakapai ake i te tauwehenga rewa waea, me te whakaaro whānui ki ngā āhuatanga o te pumau rewa waea me te hanganga whakarewa, he whānuitanga rerekētanga e whakaaetia ana mō te roa toronga waea.
Te awe o ētahi atu āhuatanga tukanga ki ngā āhuatanga hanganga whakarewa
Haunga ngā āhuatanga tukanga o runga ake nei, ka pā anō hoki ētahi atu āhuatanga tukanga whakarewa, pērā i te rahi o te awaawa me te rahi o te āputa, te koki piko o te hikohiko me te mea mahi, me te tūnga ā-wāhi o te hononga, ki te hanganga whakarewa me te rahi o te whakarewa.
1. Te awaawa me te āputa
I te wā e whakarewahia ana ngā hononga papa mā te whakarewa hiko, ko te tikanga ka whakatauhia mēnā me pupuri he āputa, te rahi o te āputa me te āhua o te riu e tuwhera ana kia rite ki te matotoru o te pereti whakarewa. I raro i ētahi atu āhuatanga, ko te nui ake o te rahi o te riu, te āputa rānei, ko te iti ake o te whakakaha o te whakarewa kua whakarewahia, he rite ki te hekenga o te tūranga whakarewa. I tēnei wā, ka heke te ōwehenga hanumi. Nō reira, ka taea te whakamahi i te waiho i te āputa, te whakatuwhera rānei i te riu hei whakahaere i te rahi o te whakakaha me te whakatika i te ōwehenga hanumi. Ki te whakaritea ki te waiho i te āputa me te kore e waiho he āputa me te whakatuwhera i te riu, he rerekē ngā āhuatanga whakamarara wera o ngā mea e rua. I te nuinga o te wā, he pai ake ngā āhuatanga tioata o te whakatuwhera i te riu.
2. Te piko o te hikohiko (waea whakarewa)
I te wā e whakarewa ana i te pewa, e ai ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i te ahunga piko o te irahiko me te ahunga whakarewa, ka wehea kia rua ngā momo: te piko whakamua o te irahiko me te piko whakamuri o te irahiko. Ina piko te waea whakarewa, ka piko anō hoki te tuaka pewa. Ina piko whakamua te waea whakarewa, ka ngoikore te pānga o te kaha pewa ki te tuku i te konganuku puna rewa ki muri. Ka matotoru ake te paparanga konganuku wai i raro i te puna rewa, ka whakaitihia te hohonu o te urunga, ka whakaitihia te hohonu o te urunga o te pewa ki te whakarewa, ka whānui ake te whānuitanga o te nekehanga o te wāhi pewa, ka nui ake te whānui o te whakarewa, ā, ka whakaitihia te whakakaha. Ko te iti ake o te koki piko whakamua α o te waea whakarewa, ka kitea nuitia tēnei awe. Ina piko whakamuri te waea whakarewa, ko te ritenga kē te āhua. I roto i te whakarewa pewa whakarewa ārai, ko te tikanga piko whakamuri o te irahiko te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana, ā, he pai te koki piko α i waenga i te 65° me te 80°.
3. Te piko o te wahi whakarewa
He maha ngā wā ka tūpono te piko o te whakarewa i roto i te mahi hanga tūturu, ā, ka taea te wehewehe ki te whakarewa piki me te whakarewa heke. I tēnei wā, i raro i te mahi a te kaha ā-papa, ka rere te konganuku puna rewa ki raro i te pari. I roto i te whakarewa piki, ka āwhina te kaha ā-papa ki te tuku i te konganuku puna rewa ki te hiku o te puna rewa, nō reira he hohonu te urunga, he whaiti te whānui o te whakarewa, ā, he teitei te whakakaha. Ina ko te koki piki α he 6° ki te 12°, he nui rawa te whakakaha, ā, ka ngāwari te whakaputa i ngā tapahi raro i ngā taha e rua. I roto i te whakarewa heke, ka ārai tēnei pānga i te whakarewa puna rewa kei tukuna ki te hiku o te puna rewa. Kāore e taea e te pewa te whakamahana hohonu i te konganuku i raro i te puna rewa, ka whakaitihia te urunga, ka whānui ake te whānuitanga neke o te wāhi pewa, ka nui ake te whānui o te whakarewa, ā, ka whakaitihia te whakakaha. Mena he nui rawa te koki piko o te whakarewa, ka kore e ranea te urunga me te waipuke o te konganuku wai puna rewa.
4. Rauemi whakarewa me te matotoru
E pā ana te urunga whakarewa ki te ia whakarewa, me te kawe wera me te kaha wera rōrahi o te rauemi. Ko te pai ake o te kawe wera o te rauemi, me te nui ake o te kaha wera rōrahi, ko te nui ake o te wera e hiahiatia ana hei whakarewa i te rahinga kotahi o te konganuku me te whakanui ake i te pāmahana ki te nui ōrite. Nō reira, i raro i ētahi atu āhuatanga pēnei i te ia whakarewa, ka heke te hohonu o te urunga me te whānui o te whakarewa. Ko te nui ake o te mātotoru, te matotoru wai rānei o te rauemi, ko te uaua ake o te nekehanga o te konganuku wai rewa i te pewa, ā, ko te papaku ake o te urunga whakarewa. Ka pā te matotoru o te wāhanga whakarewa ki te kawe wera i roto i te wāhanga whakarewa. Ina rite tonu ētahi atu āhuatanga, i te mea ka piki ake te matotoru o te wāhanga whakarewa, ka piki ake te mararatanga wera, ā, ka heke te whānui o te whakarewa me te hohonu o te urunga.
5. Te rere, te paninga hiko me te hau tiaki
Ko ngā hanganga rerekē o ngā rerenga, o ngā paninga hiko rānei ka hua ake he rerekētanga o ngā hekenga ngaohiko i ngā rohe hiko o te pewa me ngā rerekētanga pūmanawa o te pou pewa, ka pā kino tēnei ki te hanganga whakarewa. Ina he iti te kiato o te rerenga, he nui te rahi o te matūriki, he iti rānei te teitei o te puranga, he iti te pēhanga huri noa i te pewa, ka whānui te pou pewa, ā, he nui te whānuitanga nekehanga o te wāhi pewa. Nō reira, he iti te urunga, he nui te whānui o te whakarewa, ā, he iti te whakakaha. Ina whakamahia te whakarewa pewa mana-teitei hei whakarewa i ngā wahi mahi matotoru, mā te whakamahi i te rerenga rite ki te pumice ka taea te whakaiti i te pēhanga pewa, te whakaiti i te urunga, me te whakanui ake i te whānui o te whakarewa. Hei tāpiri, me tika te matotoru me te pāmahana rewa o te para whakarewa. Mena he teitei rawa te matotoru, he teitei rānei te pāmahana rewa, ka ngoikore te hau o te para, ā, he ngāwari ki te hanga i ngā poka maha ki runga i te mata whakarewa, ka hua ake he ngoikore te hanganga o te mata whakarewa.
He rerekē te hanganga o ngā hau ārai mō te whakarewa pewa (pērā i te Ar, He, N2, CO2), ā, he rerekē anō hoki ō rātou āhuatanga ā-tinana pērā i te kawe wera. Nā tēnei ka rerekē te hekenga ngaohiko o te rohe porowhita o te pewa me te pikinga pūmanawa o te pou pewa, te whakawhiti whakawhiti kawe o te pou pewa, te kaha rere plasma, me te tohatoha o te rerenga wera motuhake. Ka pāngia e ēnei āhuatanga katoa te hanganga o ngā hononga whakarewa.
I roto i ngā kupu poto, he maha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te hanganga whakarewa. Hei whakatutuki i te hanganga whakarewa pai, me whiriwhiri ngā tikanga whakarewa me ngā āhuatanga whakarewa e tika ana mō te whakarewa i runga i te rauemi me te matotoru o te wāhanga whakarewa, te tūnga ā-wāhi o te whakarewa, te āhua o te hononga, ngā āhuatanga mahi, ngā whakaritenga mō te mahi hononga me te rahi o te whakarewa. I taua wā anō, ko te mea nui ko te waiaro o te kaiwhakarewa ki te whakarewa! Ki te kore, kāore pea te hanganga whakarewa me tana mahi e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, ā, ka puta pea ngā hapa whakarewa.
